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Insurance decisions have consequences. We find out whose.
Before Medicaid, before employer plans, and before hospital chains, millions of Americans got medical care through fraternal societies.


In 1968, a group of actuaries drew lines on a map and decided which neighborhoods deserved protection. Those lines are still there. So are the consequences.

The McCarran–Ferguson Act exempted insurance from federal oversight. It was supposed to be temporary. That was eighty-one years ago.

FEMA's flood maps are decades out of date. Exposed populations are told they're safe. Then it rains.

Employer-based insurance was a workaround for World War II wage controls. It was never meant to be permanent. And yet.
The decisions that shaped American health coverage—and the ones still shaping it.
3 articlesPropertyHomeowners insurance, redlining, and who gets to feel safe.
1 articleFlood & DisasterBad maps, worse policy, and the cost of pretending climate change isn't happening.
1 articleIndustryThe laws, the lobbying, and the structural rot.
2 articlesIn 1990, actuaries bet on how long Americans would live. They were spectacularly wrong, and millions of seniors are paying for it.
